![]() ![]() Mass violence created more than nine million victims over the span of 50 years-roughly 18 percent of the country’s population. Drug trafficking also contributed significantly to the escalation of the conflict, becoming one of the main factors fueling the conflict.Īrmed groups on all sides sought to reduce the military capacity of their adversaries and control the civilian population by committing horrendous crimes. ![]() ![]() Starting in the 1980s, right-wing paramilitary groups formed with the complicity of public officials, comprised mainly of landowners who wanted to protect themselves from guerrilla groups, adding another dimension to the conflict. Guerrilla groups emerged during the 1960s out of peasant and communist uprisings against the state. Numerous factors contributed to the evolution and degradation of the conflict, including the persistence of agrarian issues (such as the concentration of land ownership, the rural-urban gap, and inequality), the emergence and proliferation of drug trafficking, limited political participation, and the lack of state presence and services in the regions most affected by the armed conflict. The armed conflict has involved many actors and interests, and it is the product of political ambitions, social and economic tensions, and competition for resources. ![]() However, the comprehensive peace accord represents Colombia’s most holistic, wide-ranging effort to address the root causes of conflict and fulfill victims’ rights. Victims have played an important role in Colombian politics at various points throughout the decades of conflict, and accountability for crimes committed by non-state and state armed forces remains a contentious and politically charged issue. The peace negotiations positioned the rights of the conflict’s victims to accountability, truth and reparation at the center of the political life of the country. Background: After Decades of Conflict, Cementing Peace and Securing Justice for Victims in ColombiaĬolombia is in the process of implementing a peace agreement that put an end to 50 years of internal conflict with the country’s biggest guerrilla group, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-People's Army (FARC-EP). ![]()
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